The Beginning of USB

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In the early 1990s, there were many different interfaces for connecting peripherals to computers, each with its own limitations and incompatibilities. This made it cumbersome and difficult to connect devices to computers.

For example, the PS/2 connector was used to connect keyboards and mice, but this connector could only be used for one device per port. The serial connector was used to connect other devices, such as printers and modems, but this connector had slow data transfer speeds.

To address these issues, a group of seven companies, including Intel, Microsoft, IBM, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, NEC, and Philips, formed a consortium to develop a new standard for connecting peripherals. This group was called the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF).

The USB-IF worked for several years to develop the specifications for USB, which were released in 1996. These specifications established standards for connectors, cables, and communication protocols for connecting peripherals to computers.

Figure 1: USB Type-A connector

USB TypeA connectorTerbuka di jendela baruwww.anker.com

The USB Type-A connector is the most common connector used to connect USB devices to computers. This connector has two data pins and one power pin.

Figure 2: USB Type-B connector

USB TypeB connectorTerbuka di jendela baruwww.sparkfun.com

The USB Type-B connector is typically used to connect peripheral devices to computers, such as printers and scanners. This connector has two data pins and one power pin.

Figure 3: USB Type-C connector

USB TypeC connectorTerbuka di jendela baruwww.te.com

The USB Type-C connector is a newer and smaller connector than the USB Type-A and Type-B connectors. This connector can be used to connect devices to computers in both directions.

Factors that contributed to the success of USB:

  • Standardization: USB offered a single, standardized interface for connecting peripherals, eliminating the need for multiple cables and connectors.
  • Versatility: USB supported a wide range of device types, including keyboards, mice, printers, scanners, cameras, and external storage devices.
  • Ease of use: USB devices were easy to connect and disconnect, and they did not require any configuration or driver installation.
  • Performance: USB provided adequate data transfer rates for most peripheral devices, and the performance improved with subsequent versions of the standard.
  • Widespread adoption: USB was quickly adopted by major computer manufacturers, which helped to drive its popularity among consumers.

Today, USB is the most widely used interface for connecting peripherals to computers, and it continues to evolve with new versions and features.

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